An extraordinary Roman-era rural estate has been uncovered near Auxerre, France, revealing the luxurious lifestyle of ancient elites. Although the site was first identified in 1966 during gravel extraction works, the ongoing excavations have now expanded the known area to 4,000 square meters. What was once thought to be a standalone building has now been identified as a secondary wing of a massive Roman villa.
Archaeologists have uncovered a stunning array of features within the residential area (pars urbana), including a central square garden over 450 square meters in size, bordered by galleries that lead to reception rooms, utility areas, and possibly a kitchen. Private Roman baths (thermae) are located in the eastern wing, showcasing the sophistication of the estate. Early findings suggest the villa was occupied from the 1st to the 4th century AD, and may have undergone up to three phases of construction.
The presence of mosaics, apsidal rooms, fragments of funerary stelae and columns reused in walls, and underfloor heating systems (hypocausts) all point to the elite status of the villa’s inhabitants. These features, along with decorative fountains and basins, reflect the typical traits of large Roman villas found across Gaul—often spread over several hectares and equipped with lavish amenities.
Researchers are currently examining whether the development of this estate followed the urban evolution of nearby Autessiodurum (modern Auxerre), which grew from a secondary settlement in the 1st century to a provincial capital by the 4th century. The extensive layout of the villa suggests a high level of wealth and influence, likely belonging to landowning members of the Roman provincial elite.
A Unique Opportunity for Visitors: Site Opens on June 15
As part of the European Archaeology Days (Journées européennes de l’archéologie), the excavation site will be exceptionally open to the public on Sunday, June 15, from 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM. Access to the site is exclusively by shuttle service departing every 15 minutes from the Arquebuse parking area on Boulevard du 11 Novembre. No reservation is required. Guided tours will be conducted by the archaeological team, and all age groups are welcome.
This is a rare chance for history and archaeology enthusiasts to step back in time and experience the grandeur of Roman life in ancient Gaul.
Cover Image Credit: INRAP
