Archaeologists uncover hidden Byzantine religious structures in Karadağ’s volcanic highlands, reshaping the history of the “Binbir Kilise” region
A recent archaeological survey in the volcanic highlands of Karadağ, located north of Karaman in south-central Türkiye, has revealed 15 previously undocumented churches and chapels in the ancient region known as Binbir Kilise—or “One Thousand and One Churches.”
Led by Assoc. Prof. İlker Mete Mimiroğlu of Necmettin Erbakan University’s Department of Early Christian and Byzantine Arts, the research highlights a once-flourishing Christian landscape that extends far beyond what was previously known.
A major early Byzantine pilgrimage center revisited
“These newly identified structures confirm that Karadağ was not just a spiritual center, but part of a dense network of religious activity,” Mimiroğlu stated. The team’s findings suggest that this remote plateau functioned as an important pilgrimage destination during the early Byzantine era, housing numerous settlements and sacred spaces.
Now in its second year, the archaeological survey focuses on mapping architectural remnants, carved stone features, and various traces of religious life. Alongside the newly recorded churches, researchers have documented cisterns, open-air ritual platforms, funerary inscriptions, and grave monuments.
Hermit caves and symbolic carvings
Several natural or partially modified caves in the area are believed to have served as hermit cells, used for ascetic practices. Many feature engraved crosses and other Christian symbols, shedding light on the monastic life and spiritual devotion that once defined this landscape.
Traces of Seljuk occupation and cultural transition
The discoveries also suggest that the area continued to be inhabited during later periods. A Seljuk-era coin found during the survey points to ongoing settlement activity into the medieval Islamic era, revealing the site’s long-term cultural significance.
Historical records show that by the 15th century, much of the region’s population—both Muslim and Christian—was relocated, particularly toward the Balkans. This likely contributed to the gradual abandonment of the Karadağ settlements, including those in the Binbir Kilise region.
Future research to expand scope
Assoc. Prof. Mimiroğlu emphasized that the next phase of research will target newly identified zones, aiming to further uncover the region’s multi-layered archaeological and spiritual history.
