Archaeologists Discover a Jewish Ritual Bath Mikveh in Ostia Antica

Recent archaeological excavations in Ostia Antica, located in the heart of the Roman Empire, have revealed striking evidence of the presence of the ancient Jewish community in this significant port city. A mikveh, or Jewish ritual bath, dating back to the late 4th century AD, has been discovered in a settlement complex, providing insights into Jewish life and rituals in ancient Rome.

In Judaism, a mikveh is defined as a bath used for ritual purity, fed by natural sources such as rainwater and underground springs. The mikveh uncovered in Ostia Antica is situated in a small semi-hypogeal room and features a brick-paved floor accessed by a three-step staircase. At the eastern end of the floor, there is a circular well constructed of cement and reinforced with a brick ring. This structure offers important information about how Jewish rituals were performed in antiquity.

During the excavation, a small clay oil lamp adorned with motifs of a menorah and lulav (palm branch) was found at the bottom of the mikveh, clearly indicating its use in Jewish ritual practices. These findings provide significant clues about the religious life of the Jewish community in Ostia.

Alessandro D’Alessio, the Director of the Ostia Antica Archaeological Park, emphasizes that this discovery is “extraordinary.” The absence of any Roman mikveh outside of ancient Judea, Galilee, and Idumea enhances the importance of this finding. It highlights the existence, role, and significance of the Jewish community in Ostia during the Imperial Age.

Riccardo Di Segni, the Chief Rabbi of the Roman Jewish Community, notes that this discovery testifies to the millennia-long settlements and traditions of the Roman Jews. He suggests that the settlement complex where the mikveh was found likely served as a Jewish gathering center. This indicates that Ostia Antica was not only a port city but also a hub of cultural and religious diversity.

The discovery in Ostia Antica contributes to a better understanding of Jewish culture and social structure in ancient Rome. The mikveh, beyond being a ritual bath, reflects the spiritual life and social interactions of the Jewish community. These findings enhance the historical significance of Ostia while showcasing the religious diversity of the ancient period.

Cover Photo: Ostia Antica Archaeological Park