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A Tiny Badge Lost in a Finnish Field Belongs to One of the Rarest Medieval Pilgrimage Finds
A medieval pilgrim badge found in a field in South-West Finland has been identified as part of one of the rarest known groups of devotional objects from the Baltic world. Only six or seven comparable Livonian badges are known from Europe, which makes the worn pewter fragment from Masku far more important than its small…
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2,000-Year-Old Hillfort in Estonia Reveals a Short-Lived Settlement Shaped by Conflict
A 2,000-year-old hillfort in Estonia is reshaping how archaeologists understand early settlement patterns in the Baltic region. Identified near Kambja in Tartu County, the Köstrimägi site does not follow the familiar model of long-lasting fortified centers; instead, it points to a brief, unstable occupation that ended abruptly. An Unfamiliar Fortification Logic At first glance, the…