Archaeologists working in the Dutch town of Cuijk, Noord-Brabant, have uncovered a remarkable second-century Roman oil lamp featuring a finely crafted mask design. The municipality of Land van Cuijk described the artifact as a “museum-quality” piece and one of the most exceptional finds ever recovered in the Netherlands.

The discovery was made on the grounds of the former Nutricia factory, a site now undergoing large-scale archaeological excavations prior to housing development. Excavations at this location, which contains a Roman-era cemetery, have already revealed numerous “special finds” in 2023 and 2024.

A Unique Grave Good Reflecting Roman Rituals

Roman burial customs in the region often included cremation accompanied by offerings such as oil lamps, jewelry, and coins to honor the deceased and aid their passage into the afterlife. While oil lamps are a relatively common find, this intricately decorated example stands out due to its artistry and exceptional preservation.

“This lamp, with its detailed mask motif, is unique in the Netherlands and an absolute top find,” officials stated.

Ceuclum: A Prosperous Roman Settlement on the Maas

During Roman times, Cuijk was known as Ceuclum, a thriving settlement strategically located along the Maas River. Positioned on the vital route between Maastricht and Nijmegen, Ceuclum served as a key stopover in the Roman road network. The richness of grave goods found in its cemeteries provides valuable insight into the community’s prosperity and cultural connections.

Archaeologists began excavations at the site in June 2025 to safeguard historical artifacts before construction begins. The recent discovery adds another layer of significance to Cuijk’s Roman heritage and highlights the importance of rescue archaeology in urban development zones.

Cover Photo: Roman oil lamp with decorative motif uncovered by archaeologists in Cuijk on September 10, 2025.
Credit: Municipality of Land van Cuijk / Facebook – All Rights Reserved